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Historical Context for July 31, 1985

In 1985, the world population was approximately 4,868,943,465 people[†]

In 1985, the average yearly tuition was $1,228 for public universities and $5,556 for private universities. Today, these costs have risen to $9,750 and $35,248 respectively[†]

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Headlines from July 31, 1985

KOHLBERG'S STORER BID IS ACCEPTED

By John Crudele

Storer Communications Inc. yesterday accepted an improved $2.03 billion acquisition offer from Kohlberg, Kravis, Roberts & Company, while turning down a new bid made by the Comcast Corporation valued at $2.1 billion. Julian Brodsky, chief financial officer of Comcast, a cable company based in Bala-Cynwyd, Pa., said he was ''amazed and disappointed'' with Storer's decision to accept the lower bid. Under the Kohlberg, Kravis offer, shareholders would receive $91 a share in cash as well as a warrant to buy shares of stock in the company estimated to be worth an additional $3 a share, while Comcast's package of cash and stock was valued at $98 a share. Offer Worth More Paul Tierney, a member of the Storer board, conceded that the Comcast offer appeared to be worth about $4 a share more than Kohlberg, Kravis's new bid. But, he said, it would have been less favorable to Storer's shareholders on an after-tax basis. ''This was a good offer,'' Mr. Tierney said of the new Kohlberg, Kravis bid, but he agreed that the Comcast offer was also a good one.

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LABOR REPORT ON BHOPAL CITES PLANT MODIFICATION

By Philip M. Boffey, Special To the New York Times

An international labor delegation charged today that ''critical modifications'' in the design of the Union Carbide Corporation's plant in Bhopal, India, did not appear in diagrams released by the company and probably contributed to the gas leak that killed more than 2,000 people last December. The delegation, a 12-member team sent to India by two international labor federations, also said that management decisions to eliminate a maintenance supervisor position and to install a safety scrubber too small to handle a major gas leak contributed to the disaster. The delegation, whose findings were based on interviews with workers, attributed the accident to failures by the management of Union Carbide and its Indian subsidiary, Union Carbide India Ltd., to properly operate and maintain the plant. The Water Factor One of the most disputed aspects of the accident has been the question of how water was able to enter a storage tank containing the pesticide ingredient methyl isocyanate. The introduction of the water set off an uncontrollable chemical reaction that released the toxic fumes.

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BUSINESS DIGEST: WEDNESDAY, JULY 31, 1985

By Unknown Author

International Japan's Prime Minister urged Congress not to pass protectionist legislation, and he called on Japanese citizens to support his new program to increase imports. He also said other countries must help resolve the imbalance in international trade. [Page D1.] The White House reacted coolly to the Tokyo program, noting that it would take three years to become fully effective, and a number of Senators were skeptical. [D11.] The U.S. deficit in trade with Japan was a record $4.57 billion in June and $13.4 billion over all, the second highest on record, the Commerce Department said. [D11.] ''Critical modifications'' in the design of the Bhopal plant that do not appear in diagrams released by Union Carbide probably contributed to the disaster there, an international labor delegation charged. It based its findings on interviews with workers. [D1.]

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TAX RELIEF FOR MIDDLE CLASS SEEN

By David E. Rosenbaum, Special To the New York Times

Representative Dan Rostenkowski, President Reagan's most important Congressional ally on tax legislation, said today that the President's proposals for changing the Federal income tax system would be ''far too generous'' to wealthy Americans. The Illinois Democrat, who is the chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, said the legislation to be developed by his committee this fall would ''give middle-income working families a greater proportional share of tax relief.'' In a luncheon speech to the National Press Club, Mr. Rostenkowski expressed his personal views on tax matters more thoroughly than he had done at any other time publicly since the President submitted his tax plan to Congress two months ago. 'Very Much Alive' ''The quest for tax reform is very much alive,'' he declared, despite the current deadlock over the budget deficit. ''One day soon, we're going to raise taxes,'' he said, adding that, when the day eventually comes, the country will need ''a new tax code that gives us the revenue base to do it without hitting anyone or any business unfairly.''

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NEW SOLUTIONS TO OLD PUZZLE: PAIRING WINE AND FOOD

By Bryan Miller

PAIRING food and wine, like matching ties and shirts, was a less intimidating task a generation ago. In the same way that striped ties called for solid shirts and solid shirts meant sporting striped ties, everyone knew, with a reassuring certainty, that red wines went with meat and white wines went with fish. It was, admittedly, an oversimplification, but sticking to these rules meant not being embarrassed in polite company. By contrast, look at the muddled wine and food situation today. Repeating the incantation ''red wine with meat'' is little help when the dish is grilled duck breast under a roasted sweet pepper sauce studded with pine nuts and seasoned with fresh coriander. Or how about fusilli with radicchio and pancetta in a pink tomato-cream sauce? Not only has food become more complex as chefs of different nationalities borrow from one another's cupboards for inspiration, but also the selection of wines in restaurants and shops has expanded tremendously. There are labels from Australia, Chile, Hungary, Spain, Rumania and Argentina, to name a few, along with wines from hitherto unknown (at least to the wine world) regions in the United States, France and Italy. Then, too, there are new blends of old grapes, such as white zinfandels and blush wines.

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PAYMENTS TO DYNAMICS RESUMED BY PENTAGON

By Wayne Biddle, Special To the New York Times

The Defense Department announced today that it had resumed contract payments to the General Dynamics Corporation after withholding $437.8 million in a dispute over the costs of weapon programs. Everett Pyatt, Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Shipbuilding and Logistics, said that payments to General Dynamics began last Thursday after a 130-day suspension imposed because the company was found to have been submitting improper charges to the Pentagon. Mr. Pyatt said the suspension was being lifted because General Dynamics had improved its management and accounting procedures. The company is the nation's third-ranking contractor for military equipment, following the McDonnell Douglas Corporation and the Rockwell International Corporation.

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JAPAN ASKS U.S. TRADE TOLERANCE

By Susan Chira, Special To the New York Times

Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone appealed to the United States Congress today not to pass protectionist legislation, and he called on Japanese citizens to cooperate with his Government's plan to increase imports. In a televised news conference, Mr. Nakasone said Japan faces ''a critical stage in the war against protectionism.'' He declared: ''If protectionism wins out, the world economy will be thrown into chaos. So we have formulated this program to fight for the promotion of free trade with all our might.''

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ANOTHER CHALLENGE TO INSURERS

By Eric N. Berg

Insurance companies that provide general liability coverage for business are just now recovering from debilitating price wars and a drop in investment income. But they cannot seem to shake another threat to their well-being: an inability to come even close to predicting payouts on policy claims. Fireman's Fund, the insurance subsidiary of the American Express Company, for instance, said last week that it had beefed up its loss reserves by $187 million to pay unexpectedly large claims already made and anticipated. Fireman's Fund was but the latest insurer to bolster its reserves, which reduces profits.

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WHERE HAVE ALL THE HEROES GONE?

By Don Wycliff

WHEN the 39 hostage Americans from Trans World Airlines Flight 847 were released last month and flown to West Germany, television reports described their reception as ''a hero's welcome.'' President Reagan had earlier referred to Robert Dean Stethem, the Navy diver slain during the incident, as ''an American hero.'' Indeed, the word ''hero'' was repeated so often in connection with the hostages that one of the group, Thomas Cullins, was moved to observe: ''We did nothing that was in my definition of a hero.'' In an era, then, in which, as Mr. Reagan put it in his State of the Union Message, this country is ''poised for greatness'' with heroes at every turn, Americans seem at a loss for a clear understanding of the term. It is applied with little concern for distinctions in types of heroism or in the circumstances under which heroic qualities are evinced. This confusion may have been demonstrated most vividly when the United States Army, following the Grenada invasion two years ago, awarded more medals than it had soldiers on the island.

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U.S. STEEL PROFITS OFF 5%, BUT DIVIDEND INCREASES

By Daniel F. Cuff

The United States Steel Corporation reported yesterday a strong second-quarter performance in its steel unit, even though profits over all dipped 5 percent from the same period a year ago. Profits from its Marathon oil and gas operations declined slightly. The Pittsburgh company said it earned $133 million, or 93 cents a share, compared with $140 million, or $1.04 a share. Last year's profit was buoyed, however, by $27 million in extraordinary gains from the early repurchase of debt.

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IN SAN FRANCISCO, CLASSIC CUISINE IS ONE CHEF'S COUP

By Marian Burros

Rene Verdon, the first professional chef on the White House staff, was putting the finishing touches to the shrimp aspic he had just unmolded in the small kitchen of his San Francisco home. ''If I had been a 'yes' man, I might still be in the White House,'' he said. Instead, 19 years after leaving the President's employ, and at the age of 60, he has become one of the culinary traditions of his adopted city. Hired from the Carlyle Hotel in New York in 1961 by Jacqueline Kennedy to cook for the family and for official functions - the White House had been using a caterer - he stayed on when the Johnsons arrived. But, according to Mr. Verdon, he found it increasingly difficult to make the compromises between what the First Family wanted to serve and what he thought was appropriate. ''The Johnsons liked to have certain foods, but I think people coming to the White House are not expecting hamburgers, chili con queso or spareribs,'' he said. ''Those foods belong to the land, they do not belong in the dining room.''

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Success of Multimate Gets Ashton-Tate to Bid

By Unknown Author

When Wilton H. Jones won a $250,000 contract to develop a word processing program for personal computers for the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company in 1982, he had no idea the software would make him the head of a successful business. ''I didn't even think I'd have a company,'' he recalled yesterday. But the software turned out to be Multimate, one of the most popular programs of its kind, and the Multimate International Corporation, of which Mr. Jones is president, was so successful that he will no longer have it after all.

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I was wondering if anything interesting on the news was going on when I was born, and decided to create this website for fun. The purpose is to show people what was going on when they were born. With this website I've found out that it was a pretty slow news day on my birthday, but I bet it would feel cool to know a historical event happened on your birthday.

The data used in this project is provided by the New York Times API. They have by far the best API I was able to find, with articles dating back to the 1950s. There weren't any other major newspapers that had an API with close to as much data. The closest was the Guardian API, but theirs only went back to the 1990s. I decided to only use articles from the New York Times because their API was by far the best. This tool works if you have a birthday after the 1950s or so.

Some important dates in history I'd recommend looking up on this website are:

  • 9/11/2001: The September 11 Attacks happened on this day, the news articles from this date provide great context to the tragedy our nation suffered and the immediate response from the American people. The headlines capture the shock, confusion, and unity that emerged in the aftermath of this devastating event.
  • 7/20/1969: The historic Apollo 11 moon landing, when humans first set foot on another celestial body. The articles from this date showcase humanity's greatest achievement in space exploration and the culmination of the space race.
  • 11/9/1989: The fall of the Berlin Wall, marking the beginning of the end of the Cold War. The coverage provides fascinating insights into this pivotal moment in world history and the emotions of people as decades of division came to an end.
  • 1/20/2009: Barack Obama's inauguration as the first African American President of the United States, a watershed moment in American history that represented a major milestone in the ongoing journey toward racial equality.
  • 8/15/1969: The Woodstock Music Festival began, marking a defining moment in American counterculture and music history. The coverage captures the spirit of the era and the unprecedented gathering of young people.

These historical events are just a few examples of the fascinating moments in history you can explore through this tool. Whether you're interested in your own birthday, significant historical dates, or just curious about what was making headlines on any given day, this website offers a unique window into the past through the lens of contemporary news coverage.

You can read more on our blog.