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March 23, 1931

Revisit the news, notable people, and historical moments connected to this date.

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Headlines from March 23, 1931

3 NATIONS WARN AUSTRIA ON DEAL WITH GERMANY; SHE PRESSES TARIFF UNION; GENEVA CURB SEEN BROKEN Envoys of France, Italy and Czechoslovakia Cite 1922 Protocols. SCHOBER STICKS TO PLAN Says Powers Can Delay, but Not Prevent Agreement--Berlin Expects No Protests. ALL FRANCE IS PERTURBED Papers Call Move the Gravest Since War--Curtius Wires Defense to Paris. No Protests to Berlin. Failure of Parleys Cited. Budapest Is Friendly. Rumanian Papers Cautious. Foresee Regrouping.

By John MacCormac. Special Cable To the New York Times

Austro-German Customs Union, proposed

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GOVERNOR EXPECTED TO LET WALKER ANSWER CHARGES; SEES SEABURY ON INQUIRIES; DISMISSAL OF CASE SEEN Roosevelt and Seabury Confer on Prospect of Wide Inquiry. CRAIN PROTEST REJECTED Governor Gets New Demand From Untermyer That the Charges Be Made Specific. HURRIES BACK TO ALBANY He May Decide Today or Tomorrow on Next Step WithRegard to Mayor. Confers With Seabury. GOVERNOR EXPECTED TO LET MAYOR REPLY Curry Denies Threat. Untermyer's First Letter. Protests Seabury's Ruling. Untermyer's Charge of Bias.

By Unknown Author

Untermyer, in lr to Roosevelt, attacks publication of results of "private" hearings

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FARM BOARD WARNS THAT WHEAT BUYING ENDS WITH 1930 CROP; Will Not Maintain Prices After May, Urging Acreage Cuts to Keep Up Market. WANTS 20% LESS PLANTED Holdings Nearing 200,000,000 Bushels, With Most Bought Above World Quotations. DISPOSAL NOW A PROBLEM But the Board Says It Will Put Minimum Pressure on Worldand Domestic Markets. Cannot Buy Indefinitely. FARM BOARD WARNS IT WILL END BUYING 20 Per Cent Acreage Cut Urged. Board's Total Holdings in Doubt. July Futures Above World Price.

By Special to The New York Times

Fed Farm Bd will not authorize it to make purchases from new crop

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Notable Births

Yevgeny Grishin (speed skater)

1931Yevgeny Grishin, Russian speed skater (died 2005)[†]

Yevgeny Romanovich Grishin was a Soviet and Russian speedskater. Grishin trained for the largest part of his speedskating career at CSKA Moscow. A four-time Olympian, he became European Champion in 1956, and won Olympic gold in the 500 meter and 1500 meter events in both 1956 and 1960 Winter Olympics, competing for the USSR team. Along with his compatriot Lidiya Skoblikova, he was the most successful athlete at the 1960 Winter Olympics.

Viktor Korchnoi

1931Viktor Korchnoi, Russian chess player and author (died 2016)[†]

Viktor Lvovich Korchnoi was a Soviet and Swiss chess grandmaster (GM) and chess writer. He is considered one of the strongest players never to have become World Chess Champion.

1931Yevdokiya Mekshilo, Russian skier (died 2013)[†]

Yevdokiya Panteleyevna Mekshilo was a female Soviet cross-country skier who competed in the 1960s for Armed Forces sports society. At the 1964 Winter Olympics, she won a gold in the 3 × 5 km relay and a silver in the 10 km event. She was born in Gorno-Altaysk.

Notable Deaths

Shivaram Rajguru

1931Shivaram Rajguru, Indian activist (born 1908)[†]

Shivaram Hari Rajguru was an Indian anti-colonial revolutionary and independence activist. He is best known for his involvement in the 1928 assassination of a British police officer named John Saunders. He was an active member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) and on 23rd March 1931, he was hanged by the British government along with his associates Bhagat Singh and Sukhdev Thapar.

Bhagat Singh

1931Bhagat Singh, Indian activist (born 1907)[†]

Bhagat Singh was an Indian anti-colonial revolutionary who participated in the mistaken murder of a junior British police officer in December 1928 in what was intended to be retaliation for the death of an Indian nationalist. He later took part in a largely symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in jail, which—on the back of sympathetic coverage in Indian-owned newspapers—turned him into a household name in the Punjab region, and, after his execution at age 23, a martyr and folk hero in Northern India. Borrowing ideas from Bolshevism and anarchism, the charismatic Bhagat Singh electrified a growing militancy in India in the 1930s and prompted urgent introspection within the Indian National Congress's nonviolent, campaign for India's independence.

Sukhdev Thapar

1931Sukhdev Thapar, Indian activist (born 1907)[†]

Sukhdev Thapar was an Indian freedom fighter who fought against the British government for Indian independence. He was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), and was executed along with Shivaram Rajguru and Bhagat Singh on 23 March 1931.

Historical Events

Bhagat Singh

1931Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for the killing of a deputy superintendent of police during the Indian independence movement.[†]

Bhagat Singh was an Indian anti-colonial revolutionary who participated in the mistaken murder of a junior British police officer in December 1928 in what was intended to be retaliation for the death of an Indian nationalist. He later took part in a largely symbolic bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike in jail, which—on the back of sympathetic coverage in Indian-owned newspapers—turned him into a household name in the Punjab region, and, after his execution at age 23, a martyr and folk hero in Northern India. Borrowing ideas from Bolshevism and anarchism, the charismatic Bhagat Singh electrified a growing militancy in India in the 1930s and prompted urgent introspection within the Indian National Congress's nonviolent, campaign for India's independence.