August 10, 1937

1937Anatoly Sobchak, Russian scholar and politician, Mayor of Saint Petersburg (died 2000)^[†]

Anatoly Aleksandrovich Sobchak was a Russian politician and legal scholar, a co-author of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and the first democratically elected mayor of Saint Petersburg.

1937Spanish Civil War: The Regional Defence Council of Aragon is dissolved by the Second Spanish Republic.^[†]

The Spanish Civil War was fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic and included socialists, anarchists, communists, and separatists. The opposing Nationalists who established the Spanish State were an alliance of fascist Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists supported by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy and led by a military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war was variously viewed as class struggle, a religious struggle, or a struggle between dictatorship and republican democracy, between revolution and counterrevolution, or between fascism and communism. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975.