On this day
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CAIRO, Egypt, Nov. 3 -- The British attack that began in the early hours of yesterday morning developed a few hours later into the major tank clash fought to date in the present battle.
Coudert wins: Finkelstein concedes defeat
USSR repts troops checked Ger Central Caucasus drive and advance on other fronts including Stalingrad; USSR troops fight fiercely southeast of Nalchik; retake several strongholds in northern Stalingrad factory dists; list Ger casualties, 1 day; maintain initiative on Black Sea front, northeast of Tuapse; USSR positions in northern Caucasus reptd serious as Gers advance toward Ossetian and Georgian mil highways; Gers threaten Grozny-Beslan rr; unable to stem USSR advance, western Caucasus; Berlin radio rept
1942Patricia Bath, American ophthalmologist and academic (died 2019)[†]
Patricia Era Bath was an American ophthalmologist and humanitarian. She became the first female member of the Jules Stein Eye Institute, the first woman to lead a post-graduate training program in ophthalmology, and the first woman elected to the honorary staff of the UCLA Medical Center. Bath was the first African-American to serve as a resident in ophthalmology at New York University. She was also the first African-American woman to serve on staff as a surgeon at the UCLA Medical Center. Bath was the first African-American woman doctor to receive a patent for a medical purpose. A holder of five patents, She founded the non-profit American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness in Washington, D.C.
1942World War II: Disobeying a direct order by Adolf Hitler, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel begins a retreat of his forces after a costly defeat during the Second Battle of El Alamein. The retreat would ultimately last five months.[†]
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Germany during the Nazi period from 1933 until his suicide in 1945. He rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party, becoming the chancellor in 1933 and then taking the title of Führer und Reichskanzler in 1934. His invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 marked the outbreak of the Second World War. Throughout his leadership in the ensuing conflict, he was closely involved in the direction of German military operations and the perpetration of the Holocaust—the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims.