November 17, 1974

Experiments conducted independently at Stanford Linear Accelerator in Calif and at Brookhaven Natl Lab on LI have disclosed new type of atomic particle, with properties so unexpected that there are differing views as to how it might fit into current theories on elementary nature of matter; it is later learned that particle is called J by Brookhaven team and psi by Stanford's; Stanford experiment conducted by team under Dr Burton Richter, Brookhaven one under Dr Samuel C C Ting; some scientists believe new particle will prove to be long‐sought manifestation of so‐called weak force, one of 4 basic forces in nature, others being gravity, electromagnetism and strong force that binds together atomic nucleus; mutual discovery became evident in recent conversation between Ting and Stanford accelerator dir Dr Wolfgang K H Panofsky; preparations being made at CERN, Eur Nuclear Research Center, Geneva, to duplicate discovery; new particle is one of heaviest known; detected at Stanford through collision of electrons and positrons; at Brookhaven, stationary protons were bombarded by proton beam; findings to be reptd in Physical Rev Lrs; participants at Brookhaven included Drs U J Becher, Min Chen and Y Y Lee; at Stanford, Drs Roy F Schwitten, Rudolf R Larsen, William Chinowsky, Gerson Goldhaber and George H Trilling

President Ford withdrew the controversial nomination of Peter M. Flanigan to be Ambassador to Spain yesterday. Page 13.

1st in series of articles on racial situation in South Africa attempts to answer question ‘what is real status of more than 19‐million black or brown skinned people in South Africa and what is state of mind of their 4‐million white neighbors'; discusses sudden effort by South African Govt to improve ‘tarnished image’ in world, but holds that country seems unlikely to make major changes in fundamental policies that gave it harsh reputation in racial relations; notes that in 2 major cities, Johannesburg and Cape Town, segregated benches in pks, zoos and shelters at bus stops have been eliminated; also notes that blacks have been permitted unsegregatcd use of Johannesburg Library reading rooms for 1st time; relaxation of apartheid in sports is also visible; other changes include abolition of antiquated Masters and Servants Acts, which made black Africans open to prosecution in some cases if they quit work as farm laborers or domestic servants; most important change seen as being shift in white Africans’ attitudes as they become less rigid in their racial views; article holds that despite changes negative developments in country still outweigh positive; says Prime Min John Vorster's solution to South Africa's racial problems is reason; Vorster favors implementation of separate racial development; advocates eventual independence for 9 tribally based Bantustans, or homelands, but outside homelands Africans would still have no pol importance; country has been involved in battle with UN, where GB, France and US vetoes saved it from expulsion; South Africa has since then been deprived of right to speak and to vote in current Gen Assembly session; article elaborates on effects changes are having on country's population; notes that vast displacement of population is occurring, that entrenchment and expansion of migratory labor system is increasing and that more stringent enforcement of pass, or ‘influx control’ measures, is becoming visible; critics of country's apartheid policy tend to put construction of more family housing for blacks in urban areas near top of list of needed changes; housing conditions for blacks have been said to cause more anger, frustration and despair than almost any other factor in life of urban dwellers; economist Francis Wilson, black newspaper editor Percy Qoboza, and Deputy Min of Bantu Adm Teunis N H Janson comment; illus; Vorster por (L)

Comment on achievements at World Food Conf, Rome, notes that conf has ended without completing plans on how to aid 500‐million people faced with starvation, but has made substantial progress on long‐term aim of establishing internatl grain reserve and World Food Council (M)

Colleges around the country are adopting strategies ranging from the destruction of documents to Congressional lobbying to avoid what they describe as “unintended” and “unethical” consequences of a new Federal law giving parents and students the right to examine school files.