June 13, 1990

LEAD: Moving to shore up its balance sheet, the American Express Company announced yesterday that it planned to raise $825 million by issuing an additional 27 million common shares.

LEAD: President Mikhail S. Gorbachev met with the presidents of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and laid out terms that he said could lead to negotiations on Baltic independence and an end to economic sanctions against Lithuania, the Baltic leaders said. Acting as the Parliament of the Russian republic overwhelmingly adopted a nonbinding measure asserting sovereignty, Mr.

LEAD: A Federal appeals court today threw out the ''one share one vote'' requirement imposed by the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1988, a time when many companies sought to thwart hostile takeovers by issuing shares with extra voting powers.

LEAD: MARKETS A panel created to restore investor confidence after last October's stock plunge recommended that the Government require most financial markets to close for as much as a full day at times of great volatility. But the panel recommended only minor curbs on computerized program trading.

LEAD: Next month, five old friends from this small town, all of them leaders in the Democratic majority that dominates the local government, will drive the 19 miles to Hartford to help select their party's nominee for governor at its state convention. They're not exactly thrilled at the prospect.