Nazi Germany, officially the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship. The Third Reich, meaning "Third Realm" or "Third Empire", referred to the Nazi claim that Nazi Germany was the successor to the earlier Holy Roman Empire (800–1806) and German Empire (1871–1918). The Third Reich, which the Nazis referred to as the Thousand-Year Reich, ended in May 1945, after 12 years, when the Allies defeated Germany and entered the capital, Berlin, ending World War II in Europe.

Headlines from November 15, 1938

TWO PAPAL NOTES OPPOSED RACE LAW; Mussolini and King Ignored Plus's Protests Against Restrictions on Marriages

CITY PLAINS TO RAZE 4 ELEVATED LINES, M'GOLDRICK SAYS; Message on Capital Budget Mentions 6th, 2d and 9th Ave. and Fulton St. Structures

Reich Ousts Jews From Colleges; Forbids Them to Sell Their Stocks; Education Minister's Order Applies to High Schools, Too--Boerse Sags Despite Curb on Sales--Auto Customs Passes Restricted REICH OUSTS JEWS FROM UNIVERSITIES Orders on Fines Likely Today Wholesale Arrests Cease Carloads of Jews Seen

KENNEDY IS ACTIVE; Large-Scale Move by 2 Nations to Resettle Jews Held Urgent

Historical Events