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April 19, 1975

Revisit the music, news, notable people, and historical moments connected to this date.

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Headlines from April 19, 1975

Reds Said to Tell Civilians In Phnom Penh to Leave

By Unknown Author

Agence France-Presse says last news dispatch from Phnom Penh before communications were cut on Apr 18 indicated Communist patrols with loudspeakers rolled through sts on previous night telling all residents to go more than 12 mi into countryside; while reason for order is unclear, dispatch quoted soldiers as having said city might come under shelling; Thailand AP office says broadcast heard in Bangkok from Cambodian Communist radio station asserted that most of former Cambodian leaders have been beheaded; French officials say they have been in radio contact with capital and that Communist forces expect US shelling; diplomatic source suggests part of reason for evacuation order was to thin out city's population, which had swelled to 2-million, or 3 times its normal size; evacuation orders reptdly touch off panic in some neighborhoods; hundreds of citizens reptdly sought refuge in French Embassy compound, where number of foreign newsmen reptdly are staying; Cambodian sources deny, in repts distributed by Yugoslav press agency, that evacuation order had been given; USSR news agency Tass says thousands of Cambodian peasants left capital after mil Govt surrendered; French Foreign Min Jean Sauvagnargues confirms repts of evacuation order; Brit Cable and Wireless Co says it has been unable to restore Telex and telegraph service between Hong Kong and Phnom Penh; telephone are not in service; Internatl Red Cross office in Geneva has been out of contact with 16-member team in capital since Apr 17; team, headed by Andre Pasquier, had established neutral zone at Hotel Le Phnom; Communist soldiers reptdly evacuated everyone from hosp where team of French drs had remained on duty to treat wounded; whereabouts of Premier Long Boret are unknown; was last reptd seen in Phnom Penh prior to formal surrender; Bangkok officials deny repts that he had arrived in Thailand; illus (L)

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NORTH REINFORCES LINE AT XUAN LOC

By Fox Butterfield Special to The New York Times

N Vietnamese reinforce mil units in Xuan Loc as small-scale attacks continue near Saigon; Bien Hoa air base hit by heavy artillery; S Vietnamese move fighters and bombs to Tan Son Nhut; attacks continue at Phan Thiet; rockets hit Phu Lam communications center; N Vietnamese attempt to sever Saigon's link with Mekong River Delta; map (M)

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Compensation to G.M. Officials Reduced by 68.3% Last Year

By Agis Salpukas Special to The New York Times

GM proxy statement discloses that compensation to co's top execs in '74 was reduced by 68.3% because of 60% decline in profits; says execs recd only salaries, in contrast to salaries and bonuses in previous yrs; says 69 top execs recd $6.6-million in '74, compared with total compensation of $20.9-million in '73; salaries of some execs listed (M)

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Music on My Birthday

Billboard 200

The Top 50 albums for the chart week of April 16, 1975, covering April 19, 1975.

  1. 1
    Album cover for Physical Graffiti by Led Zeppelin

    Physical Graffiti

    Led Zeppelin

    Last week
    1
    Peak
    1
    Weeks
    6
  2. 2
    Album cover for An Evening With John Denver by John Denver

    An Evening With John Denver

    John Denver

    Last week
    2
    Peak
    2
    Weeks
    7
  3. 3
    Album cover for Chicago VIII by Chicago

    Chicago VIII

    Chicago

    Last week
    14
    Peak
    3
    Weeks
    2
  4. 4
    Album cover for Have You Never Been Mellow by Olivia Newton-John

    Have You Never Been Mellow

    Olivia Newton-John

    Last week
    3
    Peak
    1
    Weeks
    9
  5. 5
    Album cover for For Earth Below by Robin Trower

    For Earth Below

    Robin Trower

    Last week
    5
    Peak
    5
    Weeks
    8

Notable Deaths

Percy Lavon Julian

1975Percy Lavon Julian, American chemist and academic (born 1899)[†]

Percy Lavon Julian was an American research chemist and a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs from plants. Julian was the first person to synthesize the natural product physostigmine, and a pioneer in industrial large-scale chemical synthesis of the human hormones progesterone and testosterone from plant sterols such as stigmasterol and sitosterol. His work laid the foundation for the steroid drug industry's production of cortisone, other corticosteroids, and artificial hormones that led to birth control pills.

Historical Events

India

1975India's first satellite Aryabhata launched in orbit from Kapustin Yar, Russia.[†]

India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area; the most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.

Army of the Republic of Vietnam

1975South Vietnamese forces withdraw from the town of Xuan Loc in the last major battle of the Vietnam War.[†]

The Army of the Republic of Vietnam composed the ground forces of the South Vietnamese military from its inception in 1955 to the Fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. Its predecessor was the ground forces of the Vietnamese National Army, established on 8 December 1950, representing Vietnam to fight in the First Indochina War against the communist Viet Minh rebels. At the ARVN's peak, an estimated 1 in 9 citizens of South Vietnam were enlisted, composed of Regular Forces and the more voluntary Regional Forces and the Popular Force militias. It is estimated to have suffered 1,394,000 casualties during the Vietnam War.

Historical Context for April 19, 1975

In 1975, the world population was approximately 4,070,735,277 people[†]