October 31, 1975

Dr Mary Leakey announces discovery of fossil evidence, made up of jaws and teeth of at least 11 creatures, showing that man evolved and lived in E Africa almost 3.75-million yrs ago, nearly 1-million yrs earlier than had been previously established, Washington (DC) news conf convened by Natl Geographic Soc; new evidence reptdly is oldest reliably dated examples of true man; fossils, found in Laetolil region 25 mi south of Olduvai Gorge where Leakey team has made many discoveries over last 2 decades, were dated by Calif Univ (Berkeley) scientist Dr Garniss H Curtis; previous oldest reliably dated hominid, discoveries made by Dr Donald Carl Johanson in Ethiopia and Richard Leakey in Kenya, are no more than 3-million yrs old; Mary Leakey says new fossils, which share many anatomic features with younger homo fossils, represent species that is clearly different from Australopithecus and are of same species as Richard Leakey's '1470 man'; says powerful evidence now shows that human lineage has been separate and evolving toward its present stage for very long time; new discoveries reptdly confirm view that Australopithecus until recently thought to be ancestor of modern man, was offshoot of hominid line that died out; Leakey por (M)

UFT pres Albert Shanker, who reluctantly and at last min consented to release of teachers' pension fund money that prevented NYC default 2 wks ago, asserts he is 'not opposed in principle' to plan that would use city pension funds to guarantee loans and prevent future default; holds 'it has to be done with a view to the integrity of the funds'; under plan, drafted by Munic Assistance Corp exec dir Herbert Elish and Jack Bigel, pension consultant to city unions, $8.5-billion in assets of 5 city retirement systems would be used to guarantee $4-billion in loans (M)

Former Vice President Spiro T. Agnew, in an interview in Crofton, Md., again denied that he had been guilty of anything except the single count of income‐tax evasion to which he had pleaded no contest. Page 42.

Gov Carey, angry and combative, announces that he will soon schedule citywide demonstration--Operation Alive and Kicking--as reply to Pres Ford's rejection of special help for city to avoid default; characterizes Ford message as ‘kick in the groin’; Emergency Financial Control Bd member William M Ellinghaus terms Ford speech attempt at ‘whipping an errant child’; Mayor Beame and other Estimate Bd members meet privately, trying to decide what to do next (S)

Prince Juan Carlos de Borbon assumes powers of Chief of State with Gen Franco apparently near death; Govt decision to fill power vacuum comes after 11 days of waiting as Franco continues to fight off heart failure and as conflict over Spanish Sahara builds to crisis; Juan Carlos will preside over Cabinet meeting to signal start of new era in Spain; will not be crowned King until Franco dies; decision for Juan Carlos to assume power was reptdly made during conf between Premier Carlos Arias Navarro and Prince on Oct 30 (M)