July 17, 1982

Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski tightened his control over Poland today with a sweeping shake-up in the Communist Party that included the demotion of the main challenger to his political power. Stefan Olszowski, an orthodox Marxist with a strong power base among party professionals, lost his post as party secretary responsible for propaganda and ideology. Mr. Olszowski retained his seat on the ruling Politburo, but political sources said his future responsibilities would probably be limited to a secondary role in foreign affairs. The shake-up, which included nine promotions to key party positions and four demotions, was the most extensive in the party since the declaration of martial law on Dec. 13. A bitter power struggle has reportedly been under way for the last several weeks.

The United States has sent a high-level message to China that it will proceed with co-production of F-5E fighter aircraft with Taiwan, well-placed Administration sources disclosed today. The sources said the Peking Government had protested the American decision. Some sources said that the American message was transmitted in a letter from President Reagan to the Chinese leadership delivered in Peking by Ambassador Arthur W. Hummel Jr. in the past week. But White House officials would not confirm that the American communication involved a presidential message.

The Rev. Sun Myung Moon was sentenced to an 18-month prison term yesterday for tax fraud and conspiracy to obstruct justice, but he remained free pending an appeal. Sitting slightly slumped in a chair, with his hands folded in his lap, the leader of the Unification Church displayed no emotion as Judge Gerard L. Goettel sentenced him in Federal District Court in Manhattan. His lawyers said later that they were confident the conviction would be overturned. Mr. Moon, who would be eligible for parole after serving one-third of the sentence, was also fined the maximum of $25,000 plus the costs of prosecution. And he could face deportation proceedings.

The Labor Department proposed today to expand the hours and the types of jobs that 14-@ and 15-year-olds are allowed to work. The revisions would be the first substantial changes in child labor regulations in more than four decades. Labor Secretary Raymond J. Donovan said the proposal was intended to increase employment for young people. But Lane Kirkland, president of the A.F.L.-C.I.O., said, ''I would not have thought that even this Administration would do that.''

The Reagan Administration is holding up a shipment of cluster-bomb artillery shells to Israel while pressing the Begin Government for a report on its use of American-made cluster bombs in Lebanon, senior Administration officials said today. A cluster bomb carries a cannister of explosive pellets that spread over a large area. Cluster-bomb artillery shells work on the same principle but are fired from howitzers rather than dropped from planes. Although some Israeli officials have denied that cluster bombs were used in Lebanon, Congressional and Administration sources said that a Central Intelligence Agency report has found that Israeli forces did use cluster bombs in populated areas, causing civilian casualties.